What causes pain on the right or left side of the face?

The trigeminal nerve, which is the fifth of twelve cranial nerves, is also the largest cranial nerves and contains three branches; you have one trigeminal nerve on each side of your face. There are various components to the face- muscle, bone, arteries, and glands. The trigeminal nerve relays messages between your brain and sensory organs, providing information about face and scalp sensation (ophthalmic), the mouth and nose (maxillary), and chewing (mandibular). If any of these are damaged or injured, you may experience pain on that side of your face, including your cheeks, mouth, jaw, ear, or eye. You may feel pain in one area, or several areas, possibly radiating from other areas.

Pain on the right or left cheek may feel

  • Constant or intermittent (on and off) 
  • Sharp or dull 
  • Sudden 
  • Burning 
  • Aching 
  • Shock-like, or ‘electrical’ 

 Common causes of cheek pain

There are many reasons why you may have pain on one cheek. 

  • Sinus infection 
  • Toothache 
  • Injury 
  • Infection- an abscess, cellulitis, or ulcer 
  • Headache 
  • Herpes zoster (shingles) 
  • Migraine 
  • Herpes simplex 1 (which causes mouth sores) 

Your dentist or doctor will determine which type of pain you have, including dental pain (problems with the teeth and gums), temporomandibular pain which relates to the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and the muscles of the jaw, vascular pain (issues with blood vessels and blood flow), or nerve pain (conditions that affect the facial nerves).

Neurological causes of facial pain

  • Trigeminal neuralgia 
  • Other trigeminal neuropathic pain 
  • Bell’s palsy 
  • Multiple sclerosis 
  • Parkinson’s disease 
  • Herpes zoster (shingles) 

Other symptoms you may be experiencing in your head or neck region, along with pain on the side of your face/cheek include: 

  • Painful teeth 
  • Restricted jaw movement, locking sensation 
  • Rash, swollen areas of the skin 
  • Neck stiffness*
  • Numbness 
  • Drooping eyelids or face 
  • Swollen glands 
  • Inability to turn your eyes*, light sensitivity 
  • Nasal congestion, sinus pain 
  • Blurred or double vision* 

*You should seek immediate medical attention. 

Diagnosis 

Your description of your symptoms and history will help your doctor or dentist determine the cause of your left or right side facial pain. You should explain what the pain feels like, what if anything triggers it, when it occurs, and how long it lasts. Make sure to tell your doctor about the first time you experienced the pain, and any factors that make it worse or better. Tell your doctor about any other symptoms you are experiencing. All of this information is relevant and may help to determine the cause of your pain. 

Your doctor or dentist may order tests, including x-ray or MRI to diagnose issues with your bones, tissues, muscles, or sinuses. Blood tests can rule out underlying disease or infection. Your doctor may order an eye exam or cardiogram, depending on your symptoms and examination results. 

Treatment 

Your treatment will be determined based on your diagnosis.

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Learn more about neuropathic facial pain, including how to get a diagnosis, treatments, and more by viewing or downloading our free patient guide.

By filling out the form below, you will receive a free FPA Patient Guide and periodic updates on the management and treatment of facial pain conditions. We do not share this information with any outside sources.

By filling out the form below, you will receive a free FPA Patient Guide and periodic updates on the management and treatment of facial pain conditions. We do not share this information with any outside sources.